retrospective study an epidemiologic study in which participating individuals are classified as either having some outcome (cases) or lacking it (controls); the outcome may be a specific disease, and the persons' histories are examined for specific factors that might be associated with that outcome. Design: Retrospective observational study. Participants: All 669 452 patients treated at the two hospitals over one year between 2005 and 2006. Treatment of Left Ventricular Thrombus With Direct Oral Anticoagulants: A Retrospective Observational Study Am J Med. However, a causal statement on this association usually should not be made from a retrospective study. A prospective study identifies individuals and collects information as events unfold.For instance, medical researchers may identify and follow a group of similar individuals over many years to assess the possible influences of behavior on cancer risk. We did a retrospective, observational cohort study of patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 hospitalized in Kazakhstan between February and April 2020. Data were extracted for all general adult wards (n=32) in an acute care hospital Trust in the South of England over a 3-year period (1 April 2012–31 March 2015). Observational studies include retrospective or prospective cohort studies, cross sectional studies, case-control studies and some descriptive studies. Management of Symptomatic Tarlov Cysts: A Retrospective Observational Study. Like other observational studies, retrospective cohort studies may only suggest an association between the exposure and the outcome: it is not possible to infer from such studies whether or not the exposure causes the outcome. 2020 Jun 27;S0002-9343(20)30523-4. doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2020.05.025. This was a retrospective observational study using routinely collected data on nursing staff, shift patterns and patient vital signs observations. BACKGROUND: Symptomatic Tarlov cysts are a common cause of chronic pain. Individual patient Hospital Episode Statistics were linked and 2 categories created: index admissions (not within 60 days of discharge from an emergency hospitalisation) and readmissions (within 60 days of discharge from an emergency hospitalisation). Jiang W(1), Hu Z(1), Hao J(1). Prospective Study is a study in which the research question was developed, (and the statistical analysis for determining power) were developed before data was collected. Online ahead of print. Observational studies come in two forms: prospective and retrospective studies. This retrospective observational study was approved by the Human Research Ethics Committee of the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University (2020-SR-520), and informed consent was waived. A retrospective study design allows the investigator to formulate hypotheses about possible associations between an outcome and an exposure and to further investigate the potential relationships. Retrospective descriptive studies should use the Descriptive Studies Protocol Template . Design A retrospective observational study. Retrospective Study is a study in which the research question was determined after the data was collected (even for studies where the authors collected general data prospectively). The study was performed in compliance with the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki (as revised in 2013). Author information: (1)Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Rd, Chongqing 400016, China. Setting: Two large hospitals in Boston, Massachusetts, with inpatient, emergency, and ambulatory care. We compared demographic, clinical, laboratory and radiological data of patients with …