[37] Some phenocrysts show evidence of a complex history. [56] Unlike Socompa farther north, a landslide scar is only poorly developed at Llullaillaco despite the large size of the collapse;[57] it was largely filled in later by lava flows and volcaniclastic debris.

Ebenso wisse man nicht, so Andrew Wilson, ob die Kinder erstickt oder erfroren sind. [54] Such ridges may be associated with uneven underlying terrain.

[41] Other lineaments include the Calama-El Toro. [81] Snow covers the terrain above 5,400–5,800 metres (17,700–19,000 ft) altitude. In 1999, the mummified remains of three children, known as the Children of Llullaillaco, were found at its summit. The oldest rocks are about 1.5 million years old. Phenocrysts are mostly plagioclase, with mafic phenocrysts being dominated by orthopyroxene and smaller amounts of biotite, clinopyroxene, and hornblende.

Gefunden hat die Mumien übrigens der bekannte amerikanische Archäologe Johann Reinhard, der schon am Ampato zusammen mit Miguel Zarate die Mumie Juanita gefunden hatte. Der Berg liegt im Nationalpark Llullaillaco in einer abgelegenen Region der Atacamawüste. The maximum vegetation density is found around 4,250 metres (13,940 ft) with 12% of the surface and decreases thereafter, probably due to the low temperatures.

[62], The landslide deposit covers a surface of about 165 square kilometres (64 sq mi).

[47] Cryoplanation and solifluction landforms are also observed on Iris and Mitral. [31] The southern lava flow is 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) long and was fairly viscous when it was erupted. [82], The existence of a cirque on the northwestern slope has been postulated.

[56] Overall, the margins of the landslide are very crisp and the surface covered by hummocks. Large Miocene ignimbrites that cover large surfaces are also part of the regional geology. A number of volcanoes there reach heights of over 6,000 metres (20,000 ft) above sea level.

[4] These are the highest archeological sites in the world. Andrew Wilson geht davon aus, dass sowohl der Kokakonsum als auch das Trinken von Alkohol eng mit dem Tod in Verbindung stehen.

[22] Some Oligocene-Miocene layers are exposed in the Quebrada de las Zorritas. Damit dürfte der Llullaillaco der höchste Berg sein, dessen Gipfel die Inka erreicht haben. [24] Other volcanoes in the neighbourhood are Dos Naciones, Cerro Silla, and Cerro 5074.

Llullaillaco formed during two different phases in the Pleistocene-Holocene out of dacitic lava flows.

[11], The composition may reflect magma differentiation in a solitary magma chamber, but with occasional replenishment with more primitive magma.

[12] Trace element data are typical for Central Volcanic Zone rocks. Reinhard, Johan and Ceruti, María Constanza: "Inca Rituals and Sacred Mountains: A Study of the World's Highest Archaeological Sites" Los Angeles: UCLA, 2010.

[9] At least 44 volcanic centres with historical activity and 18 large caldera-forming volcanoes have been identified in the Central Volcanic Zone. Nowadays most volcanism occurs at the western edge of the Puna, where volcanoes such as Lascar and Llullaillaco formed.

The biologists of the expedition did not determine what the mice eat, since there are no green plants at those altitudes.

[58], This landslide has been subdivided into four facies and features landforms like levees up to 50 metres (160 ft) high,[59] longitudinal ridges and a run-up mark on Cerro Rosado. [30] This landslide descended the eastern-southeastern flanks of the volcano into Argentina,[37][3] first over a steep slope of 20° on the volcano,[53] split around Cerro Rosado and entered the Salina de Llullaillaco 25 kilometres (16 mi) east of the summit,[37] extending up to 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) into the salar. Fast auf dem Gipfel des Llullaillaco wurden die Überreste von drei durch die große Kälte mumifizierten Körpern der Inka gefunden. [105], The mummies were found buried 1.7 metres (5 ft 7 in) beneath a 11 by 6 metres (36 ft × 20 ft) large platform. They are joined at 3,900 metres (12,800 ft) altitude by Stipa frigida which can be found up to 4,910 metres (16,110 ft) of altitude.

[28], The rocks belong to the calc-alkaline series. [57] A smaller undated avalanche occurred on the northeastern flank. [12], Llullaillaco is located in the northwestern Argentine Andes,[13] towards the southern end of the Puna.